Permission and prohibition

~てはいけない

must not ~; it is not allowed to ~

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Practise this point

How to form it

  • Verb (て-form) + はいけない (では after で: 飲んではいけない)
  • Other forms such as い-adjective ~くてはいけない and な-adjective / Noun ~ではいけない also occur, but they state that a quality is unacceptable rather than prohibit an action

Register: Neutral to firm; ~てはいけません is the polite form

Explanation

States a prohibition, often a rule or a clear limit.

Used for rules, signs and warnings. Said to a person it can sound strong. Spoken Japanese often shortens it to ~ちゃいけない / ~ちゃだめ.

Examples

  1. 教室でたばこを吸ってはいけない。

    きょうしつでたばこをすってはいけない。

    You must not smoke in the classroom.

  2. ここに車を止めてはいけない。

    ここにくるまをとめてはいけない。

    You must not park a car here.

  3. 夜遅く、大きな声で話してはいけない。

    よるおそく、おおきなこえではなしてはいけない。

    You mustn't talk loudly late at night.

Compare with

Common mistakes

  • Using it to mean 'it is not necessary'; that is ~なくてもいい.
  • Using ~てはいけないです where a more formal polite form is wanted; ~てはいけません is the standard polite form, although ~てはいけないです is also heard in conversation.