Obligation, necessity and inability

~ざるを得ない

cannot help but; have no choice but to

AI-written, reviewed by AI (ChatGPT)

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How to form it

  • Verb (ない-form without ない) + ざるを得ない
  • する → せざるを得ない

Register: Formal, mostly written

Explanation

Says that circumstances leave no other option than to do something, usually something the speaker would prefer not to do.

Shows reluctance. The pressure is external (a situation, an order, a rule), and the speaker gives in to it.

Examples

  1. 台風で電車が止まったので、会社を休まざるを得なかった。

    たいふうででんしゃがとまったので、かいしゃをやすまざるをえなかった。

    The trains stopped because of the typhoon, so I had no choice but to take the day off.

  2. 借金を返すために、家を売らざるを得ない。

    しゃっきんをかえすために、いえをうらざるをえない。

    To repay the debt, we have no choice but to sell the house.

  3. 上司の命令なので、従わざるを得ない。

    じょうしのめいれいなので、したがわざるをえない。

    It's my boss's order, so I have no choice but to comply.

Compare with

  • ~わけにはいかない: わけにはいかない means you cannot do something; ざるを得ない means you must do something unwelcome.
  • ~ずにはいられない: ずにはいられない comes from your own feelings; ざるを得ない comes from outside pressure.

Common mistakes

  • Saying しざるを得ない. The correct form is せざるを得ない.
  • Using it for something the speaker is happy to do. It signals reluctance.