Passive, causative and commands
命令形
do ~! (imperative)
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How to form it
- Group 1 (五段): -u → -e (行く→行け, 書く→書け)
- Group 2 (一段): -ru → -ro (食べる→食べろ, 見る→見ろ)
- する → しろ; 来る → 来い; くれる → くれ
Register: Rough and abrupt; used by speakers of any gender in strong commands, warnings, signs, sports and emotional speech; generally unsuitable for ordinary polite conversation
Explanation
A strong command form.
It sounds rude in normal conversation. It is common on signs (止まれ), in sports and in reported speech, and the polite alternatives are ~てください or ~なさい.
Examples
早く行け!
はやくいけ!
Go quickly!
もっと速く走れ!
もっとはやくはしれ!
Run faster!
ここに来い!
ここにこい!
Come here!
危ない!止まれ!
あぶない!とまれ!
Look out! Stop!
Compare with
Common mistakes
- Using the imperative to a superior or in polite conversation.
- Using it for a gentle request (use ~てください).