Scope and inclusion
~を含めて
including
AI-written, reviewed by AI (ChatGPT)
How to form it
- Noun + を含めて / を含め
- Noun + を含む + noun
- Noun + を含めた + noun
Register: Neutral
Explanation
Includes the named item in a count, a total or a group that is being described.
Often used with numbers and totals. The opposite is を除いて (excluding).
Examples
私を含めて、五人が参加した。
わたしをふくめて、ごにんがさんかした。
Five people took part, including me.
税金を含めて、一万円です。
ぜいきんをふくめて、いちまんえんです。
It is 10,000 yen including tax.
子どもを含めると、全部で二十人になる。
こどもをふくめると、ぜんぶでにじゅうにんになる。
Including the children, there are twenty people in total.
Compare with
- ~をはじめ(として): をはじめ highlights one example; を含めて adds an item to a total.
Common mistakes
- Mixing up 含めて (including) with 除いて (excluding).